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标题: 知识加油站－词汇语法 [打印本页]

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-1 06:20
标题: 知识加油站－词汇语法
Unit 6 语法：定语从句（一）

教学资源分社

本单元语法为定语从句：在复合句中，修饰其名词或代词的从句叫定语从语。定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，引导定语从句的有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词when，where，why。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定于从句，在初中，我们主要学习限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句与主句的关系十分密切，如果去掉，意思就不够完整，别人就会产生歧义。作宾语的关系代词可以省略。

关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose的用法。

1．that在定语从句中既可指人也可指物，即可作主语又可作宾语，例如：

I like music that is quiet and gentle.

（指物，作主语）

Who's the man that is reading over there?

（指人，作主语）

Have you returned the book (that) you borrowed last week?

（指物，做宾语，可省略）

The girl (that) you saw just now is my cousin.

（指人，作宾语，可省略）

2．which在宾语从句中只指物，作主语或宾语，例如：

The book which is on the desk is mine.

（指物，作主语）

The news which he told me is really exciting.

（指物，作宾语，可省略）

3. who在定语从句中只指人，作主语，也可以代替whom作宾语，例如：

Do you know the scientist who gave us a talk yesterday?

（指人，作主语，可用that代替）

The boy who broke the window is called Jim.

（指人，作主语，可用that代替）

This is the man (who) they were talking about just now.

（指人，作宾语，可用whom或that代替，也可以省略）

4. whom在定语从句中只指人，做宾语，可用who或that代替，但后边的介词提前时，只用whom，也可以省略，例如：

Do you know the man (whom/who/that) the teacher is talking to?

= Do you know the man to whom the teacher is talking?

She is the person (whom/who/that) you should turn to for help.

= She is the person to whom you should turn for help.

5. whose在定语从句中作定语，既可指人又可指物，例如：

This is the girl whose pronunciation is the best in our class.

The old man lives in the room whose window faces south.

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-1 06:21

Unit 6 语法：定语从句（二）

教学资源分社

在下列几种特殊情况下，关系代词只用that，而不用which，例如：

1.    先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如：

This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.

（作宾语，可省略）

This is the most beautiful park that we have visited.

（作宾语，可省略）

2.    先行词被the very，the only等修饰时，例如：

This is the very book that I'm looking for.

（作宾语，可省略）

The only thing that she could do was to wait patiently.

（作宾语，可省略）

3.    先行词被序数词修饰时，例如：

The first thing that we do in the morning is to clean the classroom.

（作宾语，可省略）

This is the third largest city that was founded in the 1980s.

（作主语）

4.    先行词是不定代词，例如：

Is there anything that I can do for you?

（作宾语，可省略）

5.    先行词是两个或多个分别表示人或物的名词，例如：

He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard here.

（作宾语，可省略）

6．主句是以who，which引导的特殊疑问句，例如：

Who is the man that was waiting for you?

（作主语）

Which is the tree that you planted three years ago?

（作宾语，可省略）

7.    先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语，例如：

He is not the boy that he used to be.

China is no longer the country that it used to be.

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:24

Unit 5 语法：宾语从句（三）

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关系副词when，where，why的用法。

1.    when在定语从句中指时间，作时间状语，例如：

Do you still remember the day? You started high school on the day.

= Do you still remember the day that/which you started high school on?

（that，which关系代词在从句中作宾语，可省略）

= Do you still remember the day on which you started high school?

（which作介词on的宾语）

= Do you still remember the day when you started high school?

（when相当于on which，“在那一天”）

注：when为关系副词，在从句中相当于介词+关系代词which。

2.    where在宾语从句中指地点，作地点状语，例如：

This is the house. The old man used to live in the house.

= This is the house which/that the old man used to live in.

（作宾语，可省略）

= This is the house in which the old man used to live.

（作介词in的宾语）

= This is the house where the old man used to live in.

（where相当于in which，“在哪里”）

住：where为关系副词，在从句中相当于介词+关系代词which。

3.    why在定语从句中指原因，作原因状语，例如：

Do you know the reason? He didn't come to school for that reason.

= Do you know the reason which/that he didn't come to school for.

（作宾语，可省略）

= Do you know the reason for which he didn't come to school.

（作介词的宾语）

= Do you know the reason why he didn't come to school.

（why相当于for which，“因为那个原因”）

注：why为关系副词，在从句中相当于介词for+关系代词which。

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:24
Unit 5 语法：情态动词

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本单元学习情态动词must，might，could，及can't表示推测时的用法。

1. must表推测时，表示说话人对事物的推测把握比较大，相当于汉语的“肯定，一定”。例如：

The French book must be Mary's. She is the only one who is learning French.

语法书肯定是Mary的，因为她是唯一学法语的人。

It must be morning now, for the birds are singing.

肯定天亮了，因为鸟在叫。

2. could，might和may都可以表推测，但把握性比较小，而且用might表示可能性更小。例如：

You could /may/might be right, but I'm not sure.

你可能正确，但我不确定。

He might know your telephone number. I forget whether I have given it to him or not.

他可能知道你的电话号码，我忘了是否给过他了。

She might not come to my birthday party tomorrow.

她明天可能不会来我的生日晚会。

3. can't 表示说话人几乎可以肯定某事不是真的或不可能发生。例如：

That can't be Mr Green. He has gone to Shanghai.

那个人不可能是格林先生，因为他去了上海。

The backpack can't be Jimmy's because there's a hair band in it.

这个背包不可能是吉米的，因为里边有一个发卡。

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:24
Unit 13 语法：使役动词make

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本单元的语法为使役动词make“使某人……”。用法如下：

1. "make + sb + adj"，make 是谓语动词，sb是make的宾语，后边的形容词在此作宾语的补足语。例如：

Rainy days make me sad.

雨天让我很悲伤。

What he said made the teacher angry.

他说的话让老师很生气。

Soft music makes me sleepy.

轻柔的音乐让我想睡觉。

2. "make + sb + 过去分词"，此处的过去分词相当于形容词作宾补。例如：

Loud music makes me stressed out.

大声的音乐让我很紧张。

Waiting for him in the rain made me annoyed.

在雨中等他让我很烦。

The soccer game made the people excited.

那场球赛让人们很激动。

3. " make + sb + 动词原形"，此处的动词原形也叫省略to的不定式，也作宾补。例如：

Sad movies always make me cry.

伤感的电影经常让我哭泣。

Loud music makes Tina want to dance.

大声的音乐让蒂娜想跳舞。

Hard seats in fast-food restaurants make people eat fast and leave.

快餐店的硬座位使人们快点吃完离开。

4. 如果在被动语态中，宾语改为主语，宾补也应叫做主语的补足语，此时主动语态中的宾补——不带to的不定式，应改为带to的不定式作主语的补足语。例如：

The boss made him work for 15 hours a day.

→ He was made to work for 15 hours a day (by the boss).

（老板让）他每天（得）工作15小时。

The teacher made the boy do his homework again.

→ The boy was made to do his homework again ( by the teacher ).

（老师让）那个孩子（得）重新写作业。

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:24
Unit 14 语法：现在完成时

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本单元语法为含有already和yet的现在完成时。

构成：have / has + done （过去分词）

意义：现在完成时表示A: 过去的动作对现在产生的影响；B：从过去开始的动作一直持续到现在刚刚完成或要继续进行下去的动作。例如：

I have lost my keys.

（过去某时丢的，现在还未找到。）

He has already watered the plants.

（说明花已经被浇过了。）

She has waited for her for 2 hours.

（从过去开始一直持续到现在。）

如果特别强调动作一直在持续，可用现在完成进行时“Have / has been + doing”，例如：

I have been learning English for six years.

（六年前开始，一直在学。）

already “已经”，通常用于肯定句中；yet通常用于否定句中和疑问句中；ever“曾经”，可用于疑问句中的完成时态，例如：

I have already cleaned the room.

Have you finished your work yet?

Have you ever been to Australia?

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:24

Unit 12 语法：be supposed to do ... （九年级）

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本单元的语法为be supposed to do. “应该，被期望做……”。例如：

You are supposed to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time in China.

在中国你与他人第一次见面时，你应该握手。

We are supposed to be at school by 7:20 on school days.

在上学的日子，我们应该在7:20之前到校。

Isn't Hong Kong supposed to be very crowded?

香港不是很拥挤吗？

suppose的其他用法：

1．suppose + that 引导的宾语从句“假设，猜想，以为”。例如：

Let's suppose that you had a million dollars, how would you spend it?

假如你有一百万美元，你怎么花呢？

I suppose that she'll be there today.

我想她今天能到那里。

I had supposed he had died years ago.

我原以为他几年前就去世了。

2. 当suppose + that 引导的宾从变为否定句时，否定应前移，有此种用法的词有think, believe, guess（猜想）等。例如：

I suppose that she will come to your party.

→ I don't suppose that she will come to your party.

我猜她不会来参加你的晚会。

I suppose that he will agree with you.

→ I suppose that he will agree with you.

3. 在表示同意或不同意别人的观点时，常用“I suppose so/ I don't suppose so”。

--- Will he be back this weekend?

他周末会回来吗？

--- Yes, I suppose so.

我想他会回来。

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:25
Unit 11 语法：间接引语（九年级）

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当我们引用别人的话语时，我们可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来。如果引用别人的话时，被引用部分就称为直接引语，否则为间接引语。例如：

直接引语：He said, "I’ll be back next week."

间接引语：He said that he would be back the next week.

直接引语常用引号括起来，间接引语一般会构成一个宾语从句。

1）直接引语是陈述句时，改为间接引语时要注意以下四点：宾语从句常用连词that 引导（that可省略）；根据意思改变人称；主从句中的谓语动词要一致；根据意思将指示代词（this, that, these, those），地点状语及时间状语作必要的变更。例如：

She said, "My sister will arrive here this weekend."

She said (that) her sister would arrive there that weekend.

2）在特殊情况下，有些地方不必变更。例如：

He said, "I will leave for Shanghai tomorrow."

如果是当天转述别人的话时，不需要更改tomorrow。

He said that he would leave for Shanghai tomorrow.

如果是已过了这个时间，后来再转述时，则必须更改时间。

He said that he would leave for Shanghai the next day.

3）在引用一个特殊疑问句（由what, which, when, where, why, how, how many, how much等引导的问句）时，除了注意人称，时态及时间状语地点状语的变更之外，还要特别注意特殊疑问句句中的语序，应该由疑问句语序改为陈述语序，即把主语放在谓语动词之前。例如：

He asked me, "Where is the nearest bank?"

= He asked me where the nearest bank was.

She asked, "What does he like?"

= She asked what he liked.

4）在引用一个一般疑问句（用yes或no回答的问句）时，选择疑问句及反意疑问句时，在引语前边加whether或if“是否”。例如：

My teacher asked me, "Do you go to school by bus?"

= My teacher asked me whether I　go to school by bus.

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:25
Unit 10 语法：过去完成时（九年级）

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过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，它所指的时间为“过去的过去”，其构成为“助动词had + 过去分词”，它的用法有以下两种：

1．在简单句中的使用：

1） By + 过去时间，“到……为止”。例如：

By yesterday, I had realized I was wrong.

到昨天为止，我已经意识到我错了。

2）By the end of + 过去时间，“到……末为止”。例如：

By the end of last term, we had learned 2,000 new words.

到上学期末为止，我们已经学了2000个单词。

3）By the time + 过去时的从句，“当……时”。例如：

By the time I got to cinema, the film had been on for 10 minutes.

2. 在复合句中的使用：

在复合句中，当晚发生的动作用过去时，早发生的动作用“过去的过去”，即两个动作有明显的先后，后发生的动作用过去时，早发生的动作就用过去完成时。

1）在宾语从句中的使用：

He said (that) he had never been to Paris.

他说他从来没去过巴黎。

I realized (that) I had met him before.

我意识到我以前见过他。

2）在时间状语从句中的使用：

When the police arrived, the thief had already run away.

当警察到达时，小偷已经跑掉了。（跑掉早发生）

After he had finished his homework, he had a rest.

做完作业后，他休息了。（做完作业早发生）

Before I came here, I had worked in that school for 14 years.

在我来这里之前，我在那所学校里工作了14年。

3）在表示“意愿（虚拟）；意向，原以为，原打算”时：

If you had helped him yesterday, he would have finished the work.

如果你昨天帮帮他，他早就把工作做完了。（与过去事实相反，虚拟语气）

I wish I had been to Paris.

我希望我去过巴黎。

I had hoped she would come, but she didn’t.

我原希望她能来，但是她没来。（希望过去的事情，虚拟语气）

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:25

语法

教学资源分社

本单元的语法为婉转地提出请求和征求对方许可。使用could比can礼貌得多。

Could you please close the window? Yes，sure．

你把窗子关上好吗?当然可以。

Could I go to the movies tonight?

今晚我可以去看电影吗?

No，you can’t．You have to finish the homework first．

不能，你得先把作业做完。

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:25

单词与表达

教学资源分社

1. trash  n．（Am．E）垃圾；废物；残屑  rubbish  n．（Bri.E）

a trash-can 一个垃圾箱

Could you please take out the trash when you go out?

当你出去时能把垃圾拿出去吗?

2．chore  n．（可数名词）杂务，杂事，日常的普通工作

housework  家务，do the chores  做杂务，do housework 做家务活

She often helps her mother do the chores．

她经常帮助她妈妈干杂活。

Who does the housework in your house?

在你家谁做家务?

3．hate  v. 讨厌；憎恨；憎恶 hatred  n．hateful  adj．

He looked at me with hatred．

他生气地看着我。

hate to do／hate doing sth 讨厌干某事

like to do／like doing sth 喜欢干某事

hate和like接不定式或动名词在意思上没有多大区别。一般情况下，不定式表示某一次或某几次的动作，而动名词表示经常性的行为。

I like swimming．

我喜欢游泳。

He hates getting up early．

他讨厌早起。

I hate to trouble you．

我不愿意麻烦你。

4．borrow  v．借进，借来 lend (lent)  借出

borrow sth from sb 向某人借……

lend sb sth = lend sth to sb 把……借给某人

You can borrow some money from your brother if you want to buy the CD player．

如果你想买那个CD机，你可以向你哥哥借些钱。

Who lent you the bike?

谁借给你自行车的?

注意：在表达“借了多长时间”时，既不能用borrow也不能用lend，因为它们都是终止性动词。要用keep。例如：

How long may I keep the book?

这本书我可以借多长时间?

5．invite  v．邀请 invitation n．邀请，请柬

invite sb to do sth／to dinner／to the party／to one’s house

邀请某人干某事／吃饭／去参加晚会／去某人家

They invited me to go for a picnic with them last Sunday．

上星期天他们邀请我和他们一起去野餐了。

I got his invitation to his exhibition．

我得到了他展览会的邀请。

6．teenager  n．青少年这个词由teen（十几岁，从13-19）加上age，再加上一r，表示人。

Teenagers are not allowed to drive．

青少年不允许驾驶。

7．feed (fed)  v. 喂养，给予食物

feed sb with sth 用……喂给某人；

feed sth to sb

feed on = live on 以……为主食

8．favor （美）= favour（英） n．恩惠；善意的行为

do sb a favor = do a favor for sb 帮某人一个忙

in favor of sb 赞成，支持；有利于

Will you please do me a favor?

你能帮我个忙吗?

Was he in favor of votes for women?

他赞成妇女有选举权吗?

The weather is in favor of our team because we are used to such kind of weather．

这种天气对我们的队有利，因为我们已经习惯于这种天气了。

9．fish  n．（可数名词）鱼  fish／fishes（复数）

catch a fish／two fishes／a lot of fishes 捉到一（两，许多）条鱼

fish（不可数名词）鱼肉

I like fish while my brother prefers meat．

我喜欢吃鱼而我弟弟比较喜欢吃肉。

fish（动词) 打鱼，捕鱼，钓鱼

go fishing 　去钓鱼

His father often goes fishing on Sundays．

他爸爸经常在星期天去钓鱼。

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:26

重点短语

教学资源分社

do the dishes 洗碗 = wash the dishes

sweep the floor 擦地

make one’s bed／make the bed／make the beds  铺床

fold the clothes 叠衣服

do the laundry 洗衣服

stay out late 在外边呆到很晚

have／take a test （参加）考查；进行测试

study for the math test 准备数学测验

take care of  照看 = look after

play with sb／sth 和某人／宠物一起玩

forget／remember to do 忘记／记住去干某事；

forget／remember doing 忘记／记住干过某事

have／hold a school party 举行学校晚会

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:26

重点句子

教学资源分社

1．Could you please clean your room?

你能把你的房间打扫一下吗?

Yes，sure．／No problem．／of course．／Certainly．

当然可以／没问题。

Sorry．I can’t．I have to do my homework first．

对不起，我得先做作业。

2．Could I use your computer? 我能用一下你的电脑吗?

Sorry，I’m going to work on it now．  对不起，我正要用呢。

3．You have to clean your room first．

你得先把房间打扫干净。

have to 是情态动词“不得不”，表示客观“必须”，它具备实义动词的特点——有人称和数的变化，变成否定形式时加助动词“don’t／doesn’t／didn’t”，变为疑问形式时，需要加助动词“Do／Does／Did…”例如：

You don’t have to go there now．

你不必现在去那里。

My friend doesn’t have to go to school by bus because he lives near the school．

我的朋友没必要坐车去上学，因为他住得离学校很近。

Do you have to be there by six o’clock?

你必须在六点钟前赶到那里吗?

---- Does your mother have to take you to school every morning?

---- No，she doesn’t．I am old enough to go to school by myself．

——每天早上你妈妈必须送你去上学吗?

——不，没必要。我已长大可以自己去上学。

4．I hate some chores，but I like other chores．

我讨厌一些杂活，但我喜欢另一些（杂活）。

some 指“一些”时，常和“others 另一些”对应使用。例如：

Some students agree with you，while others／other students disagree．

一些学生同意你的意见，而另一些则不同意。

5．Do you like to do／doing the dishes? 你喜欢洗碗吗?

No，not really．But I like to sweep／sweeping the floor．  不太喜欢。但我喜欢擦地板。

6．How often do you clean your room? 你多长时间打扫一次房间?

Every day．／Seldom．／Once a week．／Every other day．  每天／几乎不／一周一次／每隔一天。

注意：How often ——多么经常……? How soon ——多快……?How long ——多长时间……? How far ——多么远……? 例如：

How soon will the dinner be ready? In ten minutes．

晚饭还有多长时间就做好啊?十分钟后。

How often do you visit your grandmother? Once a month．

你多长时间去看祖母一次? 一月一次。

How far do you live from school? Ten kilometers．

你住得离学校有多远? 十公里。

7．Thanks for taking care of my dog．

谢谢你帮我照看狗。

Thanks for／Thank you for… “for为介词，在英语中，介词后面要接名词或动名词——即动词后面加一ing形式”，例如：

Thanks for your help／your invitation to your party．

谢谢你的帮助／你的聚会请柬。（help和invitation均为名词）

Thanks for helping me／inviting me to your party．

谢谢你帮助我／你邀请我参加你的聚会。（helping和inviting均为动名词）

8．Take him for a walk．

带它出去散散步。

此类句子为祈使句，省略了主语“You”，表示请求，命令，建议等等。例如：

Give him water and feed him．

要给他水喝，给他喂食。

Then wash his bowl．

然后把他的碗洗干净。

Don’t forget to clean his bed．

不要忘记给他清理睡觉的床。

9．I went to your home，but you weren’t in．

我去你家了，可你不在家。

be in  在家（表示状态）  stay at home = stay home  呆在家里（第一个home为名词；第二个home为副词。）

10．I have some favors to ask you．

我有几件事需要你帮忙。

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:26

语法

教学资源分社

I．The Passive Voice 被动语态

1．主动语态的构成：主语+谓语动词+宾语（sb+do+sth）
在被动语态的句子中，主动语态句子中的宾语变为被动语态的主语：sth+be+done（过去分词）+（by sb）

2．被动语态的构成：主语+be+过去分词+（by sb）
被动语态在各种时态中的形式：（以build为例）

时态	一般时	进行时	完成时
现在时	am/is/are + built	am/is/are + being built	Has/have been + built
过去时	was/were + built	was/were + being built	had been built
将来时	shall/will be + built		shall/will have been + built
过去将来时	should/would be + built		should/would be + have been built

English is spoken by people all over the world．
世界各地的人们都说英语。（一般现在时）
The hospital was built last year．
这所医院是去年建造的。（一般过去时）
Who will be invited to the party?
谁会被邀请去参加晚会呢?（一般将来时）

A new children’s hospital is being built over there.
那边正在建一所新的儿童医院。（现在进行时）
The house was being painted when I got there.
当我到达那里时，房子正在粉刷。（过去进行时）
The article has been sent to a newspaper.
文章已送往一家报社。（现在完成时）
The work had been finished when I got there.
当我到达那里时，工作已经做完了。（过去完成时）
The teacher said an exhibition would be held in our school the next week．
老师说我们学校下周将要举办一次展览。（过去将来时）

3．带被动语态的否定句和疑问句：
否定句在be动词，助动词shall／will／should／would has／have／had后加not:
Coffee is not widely drunk in China．
（喝）咖啡在中国不太普遍。
He will not be invited to the party.
他不会被邀请去参加那个晚会的。
疑问句要把be动词，助动词shall／will／should／would has／have／had提前：
Is French only used in France? No，it isn’t．
只有法国说法语吗? 不，不是的。
Has the suitcase been packed yet?
行李箱打好了吗?

4．被动语态主要在以下几种情况下使用：
1）我们不知道动作的执行者或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。（这时都不带by引导的短语）
We plant trees every year．（主动）= Trees are planted every year．（被动）
每年都种树。
When will they finish the cinema? = When will the cinema be finished?
电影院何时建成?
2）动作的承受者是谈话的中心（此时可以带by引导的短语）：
The book was written by Shakespeare．
The store is run by Martin．
3）出于礼貌不愿说出动作的执行者是谁：
You are supposed to be here before 7：20．
要求你在7：2 0之前到这里。
Teenagers are not allowed to drive a car．
不允许青少年驾车。
5．规则动词的过去分词构成与动词的过去式相同。

Ⅱ．由when和how long引导的疑问句的特点：

when引导的问句中动词为终止性动词；而how long引导的问句中动词为延续性动词。例如：
When did you begin to learn to ride a bike?
你是什么时候学骑自行车的?（“开始学”为终止性动词）
When will he get home?
他什么时候到家? （“到家”为终止性动词）
How long do you live here?
你在这里住了多久了? (“居住”为延续性动词)
How long may I keep the book?
这本书我可以借多长时间?（“borrow”为终止性动词，所以表示借一段时间要用“keep”)

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:27

单词与表达

教学资源分社

1．record  v. 记录，记载

I recorded the number in a notebook．

我在笔记本上记下了那个数字。

n．Keep a record of how much you spend．

你花了多少钱要记个帐。

hold the (world) record  保持（世界）纪录

He holds the world record for 100-meter freestyle(swimming)．

他保持着一百米自由泳的世界纪录。

break the (world) record  打破（世界）纪录

She broke the record for the l00-meter race．

她打破了100米短跑记录。

set the (world) record  创造（世界）纪录

He set the American record for the long jump．

他创造了美国跳远纪录。

recorder  n．录音机

He is listening to the recorder．

他正在听录音机。

2．Brazil-Brazilian. America-American，Australia-Australian，Canada-Canadian巴西、美国、澳大利亚、加拿大，这些词前边表示国家名称，后边表示这个国家的人或“……的”。

3．profession  n．专业，职业  professional  adj.  职业的

He is a lawyer by profession．

他的职业是律师。

Pele became a professional soccer player star when he was fifteen．

贝利在十五岁时就成了一名职业足球明星。

4．achieve  v.  取得成就 achievement  n．成就，业绩

He will never achieve anything if he doesn’t work harder．

如果他不加紧努力，他会一事无成。

Edison was a man of great achievements．

爱迪生是一名有伟大成就的人。

由一个动词加上-ment变为名词的有：

move—movement（运动），develop—development（发展），arrange—arrangement（安排），govern—government（统治，政府），manage—management（管理）

5．talent  n．才能  a talent show 才艺表演，才艺展示  talented  adj．有才能的

Li Yundi is a talented pianist．

李云迪是一个有才能的钢琴手。

6．love  n．爱，热爱

He shows great love to his country．

他对他的国家表现出极大的爱。

lovely  adj. 可爱的

Her daughter is a lovely girl．

她女儿是个可爱的小姑娘。

loving  adj．慈爱的

He is a loving grandfather．

他是一个慈爱的祖父。

7．usual  adj. 平常的  as usual  像通常那样

She gets up early as usual．

她像通常那样起得很早。

usually  adv．通常

He usually takes a shower before going to bed．

他经常在睡觉前冲个澡。

8．such  adj. 这样的（后修饰名词），so  adv．如此，这样（后修饰形容词或副词）

He is such a kind man that kids all like him．

他是一个如此善良的人，孩子们都爱他。

It was so cold that the kids had to be indoors．

天气这么冷以至于孩子们都呆在室内。

He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him．

他跑得太快，我追不上他。

9．alive  adj．活着的（只作表语的形容词）

The scientist is still alive．

那个科学家还活着。

类似只作表语的形容词有：awake（醒着的），asleep（在睡觉的）

Mother is awake while Father is asleep．

妈妈醒着而爸爸却在睡觉。

10．athlete  n．（田径）运动员，  athletic  adj. 健康的，像运动员的

player  n．（球类）运动员

Jackson is a famous American athlete．

杰克逊是美国著名的田径运动员。

He is very athletic．

他非常健康。

Michael Jordan is a famous basketball player．

迈克·乔丹是一个著名的篮球运动员。

11．university  n．综合性大学  a university  一所大学（不用an，因为是元音字母开头而不是元音音素开头）

college  n．（大学中的）学院，高等专科学校

Mr Smith is a university professor．

史密斯先生是一位大学教授。

He is at art college．

他在艺术学院读书。

a useful book  一本有用的书，  an unusual day  不平常的一天，  an ugly picture一张难看的画

12．major  v. 主修，专研 major in 主修，专研， majority n．大多数

She went to Beijing University and majored in English．

她上了北京大学，主修英语。

13．single  n．单打比赛 adj.  单独的，独身的

She was No．1 women’s singles player in the ITTF．

她是国际乒联女单一号选手。

He is still single．

他仍然是个单身汉。

I want a single room with a single bed．

我想要一个有单人床的单人房间。

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:27

重点短语

教学资源分社

  be born in +月，年

  出生于……年……月

  be born on +月，日，年

  出生于……年……月……日

  stop doing 停止干某事，stop to do 停下别的事情来干……

  start doing／start to do = begin doing／begin to do

  开始做某事（to do 和doing没有多大区别）

  too + adj．／adv．to do  太……而不能……

  a girl called Lucy 一个叫露茜的女孩

  a difficult piece of music 一支很难的曲子

  take part in + （体育）活动参加……

  for example  例如（后面的例子通常是句子形式出现的，但也可能是名词）；

  such as  例如（后接名词，只列举一两个即可）；

  like  例如（介词，后接名词，尽可能多的列举所出现的此类名词）

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:27

重点句子

教学资源分社

1．He hiccupped for 69 years and five months．

他打嗝打了69年5个月。

He hiccupped since he was 36．

自从他36岁时他就打嗝了。

（hiccup为延续性动词，可以和for引导的表示一段时间的时间状语连用）再例如：

He lived here for 20 years．

他在这里住了二十年。

2．You are never too young to start doing things．

你何时开始学做事都不算晚。

You are never too careful to do things．

你做事怎么小心都不为过。

3．For example, Tiger Woods started golfing when he was only ten months old．

例如，泰戈·伍兹十个月时就开始打高尔夫球了。

4．And Pele, the great Brazilian soccer player，became a professional soccer star when he was fifteen．

伟大的巴西足球运动员贝利，十五岁时就成了一名职业球员。

5．She toured the US when she was fourteen．

她十四岁时就去美国巡回演出了。（此处的tour为巡回演出）

Our Table Tennis Team will tour in Europe next month.

我们的乒乓球队下月将去欧洲巡回比赛。（此处的tour为巡回比赛）

We went on a tour of the Great Wall on our last school trip．

在上次的学校郊游中，我们游览了长城。

6．While still a small boy，he could hum songs and difficult pieces of music．

当他还是个小孩时，他就能哼唱歌曲和一些很难的曲子。

(while／when a small boy = while／when he was a small boy)

7. He won the first prize in the under-fifteen age group．

他获得了十五岁以下组的一等奖。

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:28

语法

教学资源分社

1. 本单元语法要点是描述做一件事情的过程——即先后顺序：

First ... Then ... Next ... After that ... Finally …

首先，……然后，接下来，……之后，……最后，……

例如：

Hello, everyone! Let me show you how to make a banana mil shake:

First, peel three bananas. Then cut them up. Next, put the bananas and the yogurt into the blender and also pour the milk into the blender. After that, turn on the blender. Finally, pour the milk shake into a cup, and you can drink it.

你好，各位！下面让我教大家如何制作香蕉奶昔：

首先，剥去香蕉皮。然后把它们切碎。接下来呢，把香蕉和酸奶放入搅拌器中，再把奶也到入搅拌器中。然后街上搅拌器的电源。最后，把做好的奶昔倒在杯子中，现在你可以喝了。

2. 英语名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，表示“多少”时，分别用“How many”和“How much”来提问。如：

How many potatoes do you need? 你需要多少土豆？

How much milk do you need? 你需要多少牛奶？

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:28

单词与表达

教学资源分社

milk shake:

所需材料 (ingredients): milk, yogurt/yoghurt（英），bananas

所需工具：blender, knife, cup, teaspoon

fruit salad:

所需材料 (ingredients): watermelon, bananas, apples, oranges, honey, yogurt, cinnamon

所需工具：bowl, knife, teaspoon

popcorn:

所需材料 (ingredients): popcorn, salt/sugar（糖）/honey

所需工具：popcorn popper, bowl, teaspoon

sandwich:

所需材料 (ingredients): pieces of bread, lettuce, turkey slices/chicken slices, tomato, onion, mayonnaise, relish/mustard

所需工具：knife, plate（盘子）, teaspoon

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:29

重点短语

教学资源分社

turn on 打开 turn off 关上

how many 多少（和可数名词连用）

how much 多少（和不可数名词连用）

add ... to ... 把……加到……上

let sb do sth 让某人做某事

pour ... into ... 把……倒入……

Help me pour the milk into the blender. 帮我把牛奶倒入搅拌器中。

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:29

重点句子

教学资源分社

1. How do you make a banana milk shake?

你怎样制作香蕉奶昔？

2. How many tomatoes do you need?

你需要多少西红柿？

3. How much milk do you need?

你需要多少牛奶？

4. Put the bananas and yogurt into the blender.

把香蕉和酸奶放入搅拌器中。

5. Put in two teaspoons of cinnamon and a cup of yogurt and then mix it up.

放入两茶匙肉桂和一杯酸奶，然后混合在一起。

6. Do you like lettuce in your sandwiches?

你喜欢三明治里夹生菜吗？

7. Put some relish on a slice on a slice of bread.

把一些调味品放在一片面包上。

8. Add these to the sandwich.

把这些加在三明治上。

9. Put another slice of bread on the top.

把另一片面包加在顶上。

10. Put two teaspoons of sugar on the bread.

把两茶匙糖放在面包上。

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:29

语法

教学资源分社

---- Can you come to my party?

---- I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to help my mum.

---- Can you go to the movies?

---- Sure, I’d love to.

---- Can she go to the birthday party?

---- No, she can’t. She’s playing soccer.

---- Can he go to the baseball game?

---- No, he can’t. He has to study for a test.

---- Can they go to the concert?

---- No, they can’t. They’re going to a party.

有少数动词（如go, come, begin, start, leave, arrive, return, stay等）可用现在进行时表示一个预测要发生的动作。如：

The meeting is beginning soon.

会议就要开始了。

He is leaving the day after tomorrow.

他后天动身。

作者: 与你同行 时间: 2008-11-2 05:29

单词与表达

教学资源分社

1. invitation 是名词，意思是“邀请”。如：

Thanks for your invitation to visit your school.

谢谢你邀请我参观你的学校。

invite 是“邀请”的动词形式，如：

I want to invite him to the party.

我想邀请他去聚会。

2. come over to 从一个地方到另一个地方；过来。如：

Please come over to Huaxing clothing store and see for yourself.

请到华兴服装店来，自己来看一看。

作者: lspjy 时间: 2008-11-3 07:13
重点短语

教学资源分社

study for a test 为考试学习       have a piano lesson 上钢琴课

come to the party 来聚会       have to do 必须做

the whole day 一整天             this weekend 这个周末

another time 另一个时间          a birthday party 一个生日聚会

soccer practice 足球训练       the day after tomorrow 后天

try to do 尽力做某事             join sb 与某人一起

write soon 尽快回信             go to the concert 去音乐会

finish the geography project 完成地理作业

culture club 文化俱乐部

作者: lspjy 时间: 2008-11-3 07:13

重点句子

教学资源分社

1. ---- Can you come to my party? 你能来我的聚会吗？

---- Sure, I’d like to. 当然，我很愿意。

I’d like to = I would like to 表示“我愿意（做）……”

would like to do sth 愿意，想要做某事

如：I would like to taste this soup. 我想要尝尝这个汤。

2. ---- Can you come to his birthday party? 你想来他的生日聚会吗？

---- Sorry, I can’t. I have to study for a test. 对不起。我不能。我必须为考试做准备。

have to do sth 不得不，必须做某事

如：He can’t come here. He has to have a piano lesson.

他不能来这儿。他必须上钢琴课。

3. Thank you for your invitation to visit next week.

谢谢你邀请我下周来参观（拜访）。

Thank you for sth/Thanks for sth. 谢谢你某物（事）。

如：Thanks for your letter. 谢谢你的（回）信。

Thank you for doing sth. 谢谢你做某事。

如：Thanks for inviting me to your party.

谢谢你邀请我参加你的聚会。

作者: lspjy 时间: 2008-11-3 07:14

语法

刘莉

Questions	Answers	Look!
What are you doing for vacation?	I’m visiting my grandmother.
What’s she doing for vacation?	She’s going camping.	What’s = What is
What are they doing for vacation?	They are relaxing at home.
When are you going?	I’m going on Monday.
When is he going?	He’s going on the 12tth.
When are they going?	They’re going next week.

作者: lspjy 时间: 2008-11-3 07:14
单词与表达

刘莉

babysit  v.  临时照顾（婴儿），其现在分词形式是babysitting。如：

---- What’s she doing for vacation?

假期她打算干什么？

---- She’s babysitting her little cousin.

她打算照顾她的小堂妹。

get  v.  它可以构成很多动词短语：

get up  起床 get on the bus  上车

get off  下车 get to  到达

get back  回来 get along/on well  相处融洽；进展顺利

go  v.  它构成的动词短语有：

go to school  去上学 go to work  去上班

go to Shanghai  去上海 go to the beach  去海滩

go home  回家 go to the cinema  去看电影

go swimming  去游泳 go fishing  去钓鱼

go sightseeing  去游戏 go bike riding  骑自行车旅行

go camping  去野营 go hiking  徒步旅行

rent

1）n. 租金

pay a high(low) rent for a house

付昂贵（低廉）的房租

2）v.  租用，出租

rent a house from sb  向某人租房子

The apartment rents at (for) $1000 a mouth.

这套公寓每月租金100美元。

plan

1）n.  计划

We are talking about our vacation plans.

我们在谈论我们的假期计划。

2）v.  计划，打算；其现在分词形式是planning。

They are planning to start our next week.

他们打算下星期出发。

take  v.  其现在分词形式是taking，常用的短语：

take a walk  散步 take a vacation  度假

take off  脱掉 take away  拿走

take out  拿出 take it easy  别着急

decide  v.  决定

1）decide to do sth  决定做某事

She decided to buy a new computer.

她决定买一台新电脑。

2）decide on  决定

She decided on a blue T-shirt.

（购买时）她选定了一件蓝色的T恤衫。

He thought about going to Greece, but finally decided on Canada.

他原考虑去希腊，后来决定去加拿大。

forget  v.  忘记

The beautiful countryside will help me forget all my problems.

美丽的乡村会帮我忘记所有的烦恼。

forget to do sth  忘了去做某事

forget doing sth  忘了曾经做过的事

如：I forget to tell her about it.

我忘了告诉她这件事了。（没告诉）

I forgot telling her about it.

我忘记了曾经把这事告诉过她。（告诉了）

return  v.  归来，归还

return home  回家，回国

return the book to the library  把书还给图书馆

作者: lspjy 时间: 2008-11-3 07:14

重点短语

刘莉

get back to school  回到学校

at home  在家

how long  多久

sports camp  运动野营

think about  考虑

the Great Lakes  五大湖

a no-stress vacation  一个没有压力的假期

rent videos  租录像带

作者: lspjy 时间: 2008-11-3 07:14

重点句型

刘莉

假期计划

What are you think for vacation?    I am visiting my aunt.

What is she doing for vacation?    She is going hiking.

What are they doing for vacation? They are going to the beach.

何时动身

When are you going?    I am going on the 12th.

When is he heaving?    He is leaving on Tuesday.

When are they going?    They are going next week.

日程安排

How long is he staying?    Just for four days.

How is the weather there?    It’s beautiful, sunny and warm.

Who are you going with?    I’m going with my parents.

祝福语

Have a good time.  祝你玩得开心！

Have a pleasant trip. / Have a good journey.  祝你旅途顺利！

难点句型

1. This time I want to do something different.

这一次我想做点儿不同的事情。

形容词different修饰不定代词something要后置。

2. I know there are many people there who speak French.

我知道那里有很多说法语的人。

who speak French 是定语从句修饰中心词people。

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