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Unit 1 What’s the matter?
本单元考点,重点三个：一.询问身体不适并给出建议的句型
二.v.-ing形式的非谓语动词
三.反身代词
一.询问身体不适并给出建议的句型：
(一)对“身体不适”的提问： “怎么了？”
1.What’s the matter (with you)?
2.What’s the trouble (with you)?= 3.What’s your trouble?
4.What’s wrong(with you)?
5.What’s up?
6.What happens to you?
7.What’s the problem(with you)?
(二)“身体不适”的简要表达：
1.主语 + have/has + a + 病症
(1) I have a cold.= I catch a cold. =I get a cold. =I have the flu.我感冒了。
I have a bad cold.我得了重感冒。
(2) I have a fever.我发烧了。I have a high fever.我发高烧了。
(3) I have a cough.我咳嗽了。
(4) I have a nosebleed.我出鼻血了。
2.主语 + have /has + a + 身体部位-ache
(1) I have a toothache.我牙疼。I have a bad toothache.我牙疼的厉害。
(2) I have a stomachache.我胃疼。
(3) I have a headache.我头疼。
(4) I have a backache.我后背疼。
3.主语 + have/has + a + sore + 发病部位
(1) I have a sore back.我后背疼。
(2) I have a sore throat.我嗓子疼。I have a very sore throat.我嗓子疼的厉害。
(3) I have a sore neck.我脖子疼。
注意：常用sore修饰的词：throat, leg, foot, eye, neck；常加后缀-ache构成的词：head, tooth, stomach, ear；两者都可用的词：back
4.主语 + have/has a pain in/on the + 身体部位
(在里面用in如：肚子疼,头疼；在外伤用on如：膝盖疼)
如：I have a pain in the arm.我胳膊疼。
5.There is something wrong with + one’s + 身体部位
如：There is something wrong with my stomach. 我肚子不舒服。
6. I cut/ hurt myself. 我割伤/伤了我自己。
7. My head feels very hot.我头摸起来很烫。
8.I can’t move my neck.我不能动我的脖子。
9.I’m not feeling well.=I don’t feel well.我感觉不舒服。
这里well表示身体状况，是adj.不是adv. 不能用good代替。
10.My head hurts badly.我头疼的厉害。
11.Nothing serious./Nothing much.没事。
(三)对“身体不适”提出建议的表达：
1.You should +动词原形。
(1) You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下来休息。
(2) You should drink some hot tea with honey.你应该喝些加蜂蜜的热茶。
(3)You should see a dentist and get an X-ray.你应该看牙医并且照X光。
(4)You should take your temperature.你应该量体温。
(5)You should put some medicine on it.你应该敷一些药。
(6)You should go home and get some rest.你应该回家得到些休息。
2.You shouldn’t +动词原形。
(1)You shouldn’t eat so much next time.你下次不应该吃这么多。
(2)He shouldn’t eat anything = He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.
(3)They shouldn’t exercise.他们不应该锻炼。
拓展：
(1)Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗？
(2)What should I do?我该怎么办呢？
(3)What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？
二.v.-ing形式的非谓语动词：
本单元重点：see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事without doing sth.没有做某事
think about doing sth.考虑做某事
1.finish doing sth.完成做某事
2.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
3.practice doing sth.练习做某事
4.mind doing sth.介意做某事
5.keep doing sth.持续做某事
6.imagine doing sth.想象做某事
7.suggest doing sth.建议做某事
8.avoid doing sth.避免做某事
9.consider doing sth.考虑做某事
10.feel like doing sth.想要做某事
11.be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
12.be worth doing sth.值得做某事
13.have fun doing sth.=have a good time doing sth.=enjoy oneself doing sth.做某事高兴
14.spend time / money (in) doing sth.话费事件/金钱做某事
15.have trouble in doing sth.=have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难
16.be good at doing sth.=do well in doing sth.擅长做某事,在某事上干得好
17.thank you for doing sth.感谢你做某事
18.give up doing sth.放弃做某事
19.stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
20.be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事
21.be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣
22.instead of doing sth.代替做某事
23.look forward to doing sth.期望做某事
24.be/ get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
25.pay attention to doing sth.集中注意做某事
26.prefer doing to doing sth.与…相比较更喜欢…
三.反身代词： 用来表示“某人自己,自身,亲自”
(1)myself(我自己), (2)ourselves(我们自己),
(3)yourself(你自己), (4)yourselves(你们自己),
(5)himself(他自己), (6)herself(她自己),(7) itself(它自己),(8) themselves(他们自己).
1.作宾语：主宾表同一个人,同一些人或事物
(1)enjoy oneself玩的开心
(2)teach oneself=learn by oneself自学
(3)hurt oneself摔伤自己
(4)introduce oneself 自我介绍
(5)buy oneself sth.给自己买…东西
(6)seat oneself 自己就座
(7)dress oneself 自己穿衣服
(8)take care of oneself=look after oneself照顾自己
(9)live by oneself 独居
(10) make oneself at home 让某人感到宾至如归
如：He is teaching himself English.他自学英语。
He lives by himself in the country.他自己一个人生活在乡下。
2.不能单独做主语，但是可以做主语和宾语的同位语“某人自己”,起强调作用。
如：我自己能完成作业。Myself can finish my homework.(错)
I myself can finish my homework.= I can finish my homework myself.(正)
(1)Did you make the cake yourself?
(2)The work itself is easy.
(3)Did you see Mr. Wang himself?
不能表示“某人的东西”因为它没有所有格形式，表达“某人自己的(东西)”时,须用one’s own
如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。I’m drawing with myself crayons.(错)
I’m drawing with my own crayons.
3.作表语be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态处于正常。
(1)I’m not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。
(2)I am feeling myself again. 我觉得健康如昔。
4.固定短语中
(1)Help oneself 随便吃吧
(2)Make yourself at home.别客气,请自便。
(3)come to oneself 苏醒 (
4)leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下
(5)say to oneself 自言自语
(6)buy oneself sth. 给自己买…东西
四.重点知识点：
(P1)1. foot---feet 脚 <复> tooth---teeth 牙齿 <复>
on foot 步行 neck and neck 不相上下,势均力敌
put one’s hand up 举手 hand in 上交 hand on 转交
hand out 分发
2. talk too much 讲话太多
动词+ too much …太多
too much + 不可数名词 太多的…
much too +形/副 实在太… 极其，非常
too many + 可数名词复数 太多的…
3. drink enough water 喝足够的水
enough adj. 放名词前后均可，常放后面
enough water 足够的水 enough food 足够的食物
adv. old enough 足够大 hard enough 足够努力
(P2)4. advice n. 不可数名词 建议,忠告,劝
some/ much/ a lot of/lots of advice a piece of advice
give sb. advice on sth.
advise v. 建议 advise doing sth.建议做某事 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
5.lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息
(1) lie ①v.躺,位于 ---lay(过去式)---lain(过去分词)---lying(现在分词)
如：The girl lying on the road is my teacher. 躺在马路上的那个女孩是我的老师。
②v.说谎 ---lied(过去式)---lied(过去分词)---lying(现在分词)
如：A half truth is often no better than a lie.半真半假的话不见得比说谎要好。③n.谎言 可数名词He told a big lie.他撒了一个弥天大谎。
(2)rest n./ v.have a rest 休息rest for a few days 休息几天
6. see a dentist 看牙医 see a doctor 看医生
7. get an X-ray 照X光
8. take one’s temperature 量体温
9. put some medicine on sth. 在…上面敷一些药
10.feel very hot 摸起来很烫
11.have a headache 头疼 have a lot of headaches 经常头疼
12.on the weekend 在周末 all weekend 整个周末on weekdays 在周一到周五
13.sound like 听起来像 + n. 或 从句
sound + adj. 系表结构
14.take breaks 休息 take a break 休息
break n.休息 v.打破,违反,使…破裂 broke v.过去式 broken adj.破损的
15.in the same way 以同样的方式
16. without doing sth. 没做某事 伴随状语
17. hurt v. (使)疼痛,受伤 hurt v.过去式 hurtful adj. 伤感情的
(P3)18. a bus driver 一名公交车司机
19. save an old man 挽救一位老人save a life 挽救生命
20. go along 沿着…走
21. see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事
22. on the side of the road 在马路边
23. shout for help 大声呼救
24. without doing sth.没做某事 without thinking twice 没有多想
25 get off 下车 get on 上车
26. have a heart problem 有心脏病
27. act quickly 快些行动
28. take the man to the hospital 带那个男人去医院 take sb. to sp.带某人去某地
29. expect sb. to do sth. 预料某人去做某事
30. wait for…等待…
31. to one’ s surprise 使… 惊讶的是
surprise sb. 令某人吃惊 be surprised at…/ that 从句 吃惊于…
32. agree to do sth. 同意做某事
agree with sb. 同意某人的观点 agree on sth.在某事上达成一致
33. thanks to 多亏了;由于
34. in time 及时 on time 准时 按规定的时间行事,不迟也不早
35.think about doing sth. 考虑做某事
36. hit an old man 撞了一位老人
hit v. hit -- hit --- hit (用手或器具)打,击打
The boy hit the dog with a stone. 那个男孩用石头打了那条狗。
(1) hit sb. on the head/ nose/back 打某人的头,鼻子,后背,on 用在所打较硬的部位；
(2) hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸,眼睛,肚子, in 用在所打较软的部位。
37.right away 立刻;马上=right now =at once=in a minute
38.get into trouble 造成麻烦
(1)be in trouble 有困难,陷入困境,遇到麻烦
如：He always asks me for help when he is in trouble.
当他遇到麻烦的时候,他总是向我求助。
(2)get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境
如：If you come, you may get me into trouble.如果你来的话,你可能使我陷入困境。
(3)have trouble (in) doing sth. 某人在做某事方面有困难
=have difficulties(in)doing sth.= have problems doing sth.
如：I have no trouble (in) finding his office. 我在找到他办公室方面没麻烦。
(4)trouble sb. 打扰某人 trouble about …为…费心 trouble to do sth.费心做某事
make the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事或不怕麻烦去做某事
make trouble to do sth.尽心尽力或费心心血去做某事
39. get out of 离开;从……出来
(P4)40. hurt oneself 受伤
hurt 及物动词 “使…受伤”hurt --- hurt --- hurt
He hurt his leg while exercising.他运动的时候使他的腿受伤了。
不及物动词 “(部位)疼” His leg hurt badly.他的腿疼的厉害。
41. fall down 摔倒 fall down from… 从…跌落=fall off… fall on him 掉落在他身上
如：The dog fell down dead.那条狗倒下去死了。
The boy fell off the bike. 那个男孩从自行车生摔了下来。
(P5)42. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 bandage v.用绷带包扎 n.绷带
43. run it under water 在水流下冲洗
44.press the sides of your nose按压你鼻子的两边
45. put your head down把你的头低下put your head back把你的头后仰
46. feel sick 感到恶心
sick adj.“有病的”即可做表语也可作定语 a sick man 一个病人 be sick/ ill 生病
ill adj.“有病的”只能做表语 adj.“坏的”=bad“有害的”=harmful却只能做定语,不能做表语 ill news 坏消息 ill luck 运气不好 ill health 身体不好
ill adj.“有病的”--- illness n. “疾病”
表示“病人”时,只能说the sick 而不能说the ill
47. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 cut --- cut --- cut v. 切 n.伤口
48. get hit on the head 头部受到撞击
(P6) 49.mountain climbing 登山运动 (名词短语)
climb mountains 爬山 (动词短语) climb down the mountain 爬下山 (动词短语)
climb v.爬 climber n.登山者,攀登者
50.have problems breathing 呼吸困难
(1)breathe /bri:ð / v.呼吸 It’s good to breathe fresh air.呼吸新鲜空气有好处。
(2)breath /breθ/ n.呼吸
常用短语：take a deep breath 深呼吸 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
He took a deep breath and dived into the water.他深深吸了一口气,然后潜入水中。
51.have problems doing sth.做某事有困难=have difficulties (in) doing sth.
=have trouble (in) doing sth.
52.get hit by a ball 被球击中
53.get sunburned 晒伤
54.hurt our back 伤了我们的后背
55.be/get interested in n./ pron./ doing sth. 对某物/做某事感兴趣
56.be used to taking risks 习惯于冒险
(1)be used to sth./doing sth. 习惯…适应…/习惯做某事(强调状态)
如：His grandpa was used to country life.他的爷爷习惯了乡下的生活。
Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.玛丽不习惯早晨早起。
get used to sth./doing sth.=become used to sth./doing sth. 变得习惯,逐渐适应某事/变得习惯,逐渐适应做某事(强调动作,过程)
It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.
对于一个人来说很难适应另一个国家的习俗。
不严格说可以相等：
be used to sth./doing sth. =get used to sth./doing sth.=become used to sth./doing sth.
(2)be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
(3)use sth. to do sth. 使用…做某事
57.take risks 冒险 take a risk 冒险 take the risk of doing sth. 冒做某事的风险
risk to do sth. 冒险去做某事
58.lose one’s life 丧命 lose too much blood 失血太多
59.because of+n./pron./doing sth. 由于…
60.find himself in a very dangerous situation 发现他自己在一个非常危险的境地
(1)find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
①find + 宾语 + 形容词(宾语补足语) We found him dishonest.我们发现他不诚实。
②find + 宾语 + 动词-ing形式(宾语补足语)We found him working.我们发现他正在工作。
③find + 宾语 + 副词或介词短语(宾语补足语)
I found the clothes out of style.我发现这些衣服过时了。
(2)in a very dangerous situation 在一个非常危险的境地
in a difficult situation 在困境屮
61.free his arm 把他的手臂解放出来 free sb. of/from sth. 某人从某事中摆脱出来
62.run out (of) 用完;用尽 =use up
某物用尽了 Sb. run out of sth. 某人用尽了某物 He ran out of his money last night.
use up 主语可以是人也可以是物,主语是物是用被动语态
Sth. run out= Sth. be used up Sb. run out of sth.=Sb use up sth.
63.be ready to do sth. 准备做某事 be ready for sth. 为…做准备
64.cut off half his right arm 切除他的半边右臂
65.bandage himself 给他自己包扎
66. so that 以便,为了=in order that从句 引导目的状语从句,从句中常使用can, could, may, might, will, would, should等情态动词
如：The got up early so that they could catch the early bus.为了赶上早班车,他们早早起床。
so…that 如此…以至… = too… to…太…而不能…=…enough to ……不够…
so+ adj. +that +主语+can’t do sth.
=too +adj. + to do sth.=not +adj.反义词+enough to do sth.
如：The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.那个男孩小不能上学。
=The boy is too young to go to school.
=The boy is not old enough to go to school.
67.mean v. 意思是,意味着,打算,意欲 meant 过去
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事
如：It means wasting more time.那意味着浪费更多的时间。
I mean to go to the zoo but I forgot.我本打算去动物园,但是我忘记了。
mean 的 名词形式是 meaning 常用以下句型：
What’s the meaning of …?= What do/does …mean?=What do you mean by…?
如：这个单词是什么意思？
What’s the meaning of this word?=What does this word mean?
=What do you mean by this word?
68. the importance of making good decision 做好决定的重要性
the importance of sth./doing sth. 某事的重要性/做某事的重要性
importance n.重要性 important adj.重要的 unimportant adj.不重要的
69. be in control of 掌管;管理
be out of control of 无法掌管,控制...
70. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事(强调时间的间隔性和动作的反复性,常与表示动态的动词连用,如walk, write, climb等,有时暗指不顾困难而坚持做某事)
keep doing sth. 一直做某事(强调动作的持续性,无停顿,有时也指今后或将来继续做某事) 两者均可表示继续做某事,反复做某事,通常可互换
如：Don’t keep (on) asking such questions!不要老是文这类问题。
keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
71.make a decision 做出决定
make a decision to do sth. 决定做某事= decide to do sth.
72. death n. 死亡
(1)die v.死,死亡凋零。它是瞬间动词,不能和表示时间段的状语连用。
(died, died 过去式,过去分词 dying 现在分词)
(2)dead adj.死的,失去生命的;枯萎的。它表示状态,可以和表示时间段的状语连用。
(3)dying adj.要死的
如：The death of her mother made her sad. 她妈妈的死让她很难过。
The child died from hunger. 那个孩子死于饥饿。The man died two years ago.= The man was dead for two years.
那个人死两年了。
(P7) 73.go mountain climbing 去爬山
73.mind doing sth.介意做某事
74.have a serious accident 遇到严重的意外
75.give up 放弃 give up 用法：(1)什么也不接 (2)+n. (3)+pron. (4)doing sth.
76. talk about health problems谈论健康问题
77. give advice 提建议
give sb some advice on sth.就某事给某人建议
(1) advice 是不可数名词
a piece of advice 一则建议 take one’s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议
give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议
如：He gave me some good advice.他向我提了一些很好的意见。
(2)advise 是动词
advise doing sth. 建议做某事 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
78.It’s +形 + for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说是…的。
It’s important to do sth .做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to exercise. 锻炼对我来说是很重要的.
It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。
It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的 |
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发表于 2021-3-8 08:49:19
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