人教版九年级 unit 13 知识点

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Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!

Section A

1.现在完成时的用法

（1）含义：表示过去的动作对现在构成结果或影响或者表示过去的状态一直持续到现在。它强调与现在的联系。

（2）结构：have/has done

（3）时间标志：already、yet、just、for+一段时间、since+过去时间点/一般过去时、ever、never、recently、lately、in recent years、so far、until now、up to now、before、次数、in/during/over the past/last+一段时间、以及固定句型This/That/It is+the+序数词+time+that从句（现在完成时）等。

eg:①The concert has started.(=The concert is on now.)

   ②I have already seen the film.(=I know the film now.)

   ③He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)

（4）短暂性动词与延续性动词及其互换

㈠短暂性动词口诀：来去到离看听说，买卖开关起跌落；参加开发还与借，变成带给使（死）完结。

㈡短暂性动词与延续性动词的互换

come——be here,go——be there,leave——be away,open(v)——be open(adj),close(v)——be

closed(adj),fall asleep——be asleep,join——be in,begin/start——be on,die——be dead,finish

——be over,buy——have,borrow——keep,become——be,catch a cold——have a cold.

（注：有时候，短暂性动词的否定形式可表延续与时间段连用。）

eg:We haven’t seen her for a long time.

⑸现在完成时的5种表达方式

eg:他住在这儿十年了。

He lived here ten years ago.

=He has lived here for ten years.

=He has lived here since ten years ago.

=It's (been)ten years since he lived here.

=Ten years has passed since he lived here.

⑹现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时强调与现在的联系，而一般过去时只强调过去的事实，与其它时间无关。

练习：

(  )1.—Excuse me,where is Mr.Brown’s office?

     —Sorry,I’ve no idea.I ______ here for only a few days.

A.works  B.worked  C.have worked  D.will work

(  )2.Ben is a foreign teacher.So far,he _____ in Sanya for five years.

A.was teaching  B.has taught  C.will teach  D.taught

(  )3.In the past few years,great changes _____ to her;she is not the one that she used to be.

A.happened  B.have been changed  C.have happened  D.were happened

2.instead of prep.“代替；而不是”

后接名词、代词、动名词或名词从句作宾语，有时，其后也可跟介词短语作宾语。

eg:We’ll have tea in the garden instead of in the house.

注：instead adv.“代替；顶替”单独使用作状语。

egast summer I went to Qingdao.This summer I’m going to Dalian instead.

练习：

(  )1.We cooked dinner at home instead of ______ .

A.eat out  B.eats out  C.eating out  D.to eat out

(  )2.It’s sunny.Let’s go sighting _____ watching TV in our hotel home.

A.thanks to  B.instead of  C.as well as  D.because of

(  )3.—_____ free education,the children in my hometown can go back to school.

     —So can the children in my hometown.

A.Thanks to  B.Instead of  C.As for  D.Towards

3.remember的用法

remember to do sth     记起要做某事(未做)

remember doing sth     记起做过某事(做过)

eg:①Remember to write us when you get there.

  ②I remember telling you about it twice.

练习：

(  )1.—Do you remember _____ Mary the money you borrowed from her?

     —Yes.I’ll give it to her this afternoon.

A.giving  B.to give  C.given  D.gave

(  )2.Kate,remember _____ for the sick to cheer them up.

A.to sing  B.not to sing  C.singing  D.sang

(  )3.Remember _____ your host’s suggestions and _____ the rules.

A.to follow;obey  B.following;obeying  C.to keep;to keep  D.obey;follow

4.hear的用法

搭配：

hear sb.do sth.听到某人做某事

hear sb.doing sth.听到某人正在做某事

hear that从句  听说……

hear of听说

hear from收到某人的来信

练习：

(  )1.—Have you ever heard _____ Mr Black,your new teacher?

     —Yes,just a little.He’s very friendly.

A.from  B.of  C.through  D.out

(  )2.—Is Tom in the next room?

     —Well,it’s hard to say.But I heard him _____ loudly when I passed by just now.

A.speak  B.to speak  C.spoken  D.speaking

(  )3.The story is so strange that we have never ______ it before.

A.heard from  B.heard of  C.heard  D.listened to

5.be harmful to介...(=do harm to介...)对……有害

eg:Smoking is harmful to health.

练习：

(  )1.Drinking too much _______ your health.

A.do harm to  B.is harm to  C.is harmful to  D.does harmful to

6.afford的用法

搭配：

              sth.负担得起……的费用

    afford     

              to do sth.负担得起……做某事的费用

练习：

(  )1.They walked because they couldn’t afford ______ a taxi.

A.taking  B.to take  C.take  D.took

(  )2.—Why don’t you take the bike,Henry?

     —It’s too expensive.I can’t _____ it.

A.sell  B.keep  C.borrow  D.afford

(  )3.—Some children can’t afford _____ necessary stationery(文具).

     —Let’s donate our pocket money to them.

A.buy  B.buying  C.to buy  D.be bought

(  )4.The car is too expensive,so I can’t ______ it.

A.offer  B.supply  C.afford  D.use

Section B

1.throw away“扔掉；丢弃”为固定短语。

eg:It’s a waste to throw away good food.

练习：

(  )1.—What smells terrible?

     —Sorry,I’ll ______ my shoes and wash them.

A.put away  B.take away  C.move away  D.throw away

(  )2.Recycling is good,so don’t _____ bottles or newspapers.

A.find out  B.hand in  C.use up  D.throw away

2.put短语

put away将……收起

put off推迟

put on穿上；戴上；上演

put down放下；记下

put out熄灭

put back放回

put up张贴；搭建

put through给……接通(电话)

固定搭配：

    put...to good use好好利用

练习：

(  )1.Boy,your books are everywhere.Please _______ .

A.put them up  B.put them on  C.put them away  D.put them down

(  )2.Because of the bad weather,we have to ______ the meeting till the next week.

A.take off  B.get off  C.put off  D.set off

(  )3.______ your sunglasses,Sally.The sun is too bright.

A.Put down  B.Put on  C.Put off  D.Put away

(  )4.—Where did you get these old doors?

     —From the old houses which were _____ by the workers.

A.taken down  B.pulled down  C.turned down  D.put down

(  )6.—I’m not going swimming tomorrow afternoon.

     —Neither am I.I have to _____ my bedroom.

A.look after  B.clean up  C.put away  D.put out

3.be built out of...“由……建成”其中，out of表示由……制作。

练习：

(  )1.—Do you know Amy Hayes?

     —Of course,I know.She is the woman who build a house _____ rubbish.

A.by  B.out of  C.from  D.into

(  )2.The new tall building ______ glass.

A.build out of  B.is built out of  C.build of  D.is build of

4.pull down“拆毁；摧毁”

练习：

(  )1.In the 1960s,a lot of city walls _____ in Beijing because people thought them useless.

A.pull down  B.have pulled down  C.were pulled down  D.had pulled down

(  )2.—There are only a few old city walls left.

     —Yeah.Most of them were ______ in the 1960s.

A.pulled down  B.taken down  C.turned off  D.put off

(  )3.—The house is too old and dangerous.

     —Yes,we should ______ soon.

A.pull down  B.put out  C.pull it down  D.put it out

5.区别：take,cost,spend,pay

⑴take vt.常用于固定句型“It takes (sb.)some time to do sth.”或It takes work/energy etc. (for sb.)to do sth.或Sth.takes (sb.)some time.或Sth.takes some time /energy to do.

⑵spend vt.主语只能是人，常用结构为：“主语(人)+spend+时间/钱+on sth./(in) doing sth.”。

⑶pay vt./vi.主语只能是人，常用结构为：“主语(人)+pay+人/钱/for+物.”(注：pay sth.指付出的是钱，如：pay two dollars/the bill/the debt/the tax/the rent等；而pay for sth.指付钱买某物。另pay sb.money=pay money for sb.)

⑷cost vt.主语只能是事物，常用结构为：“主语(事物)+cost(+sb.)+金钱/时间”。

练习：

(  )1.If you don’t like it,you don’t have to _________ .

A.pay  B.pay for the money  C.pay for   D.pay it

(  )2.How much time did you spend ________ the text?

A.copying  B.to copy  C.in copy  D.on copying

(  )3.—Our math teacher stays in the office for a long time every day.

     —Yes,it ______ him a long time to check our homework.

A.costs  B.spends  C.takes  D.pays

(  )4.—Your shoes are so cold.Why don’t you buy a new pair?

     —Because I _____ all my money on an MP5.

A.spend  B.have spent  C.am spending  D.was spending

(  )5.—Do you know the price of the ticket?

     —Yes.Each _____ ￥180.

A.pays  B.costs  C.takes  D.spends

6.区别：open,close,turn on,turn off

⑴open,close表示门、窗户或盒子等的“开”和“关”。

⑵turn on,turn off表示电脑、电灯等电器的“开”和“关”。

注：对于水管或煤气的“开”和“关”要用turn on或turn off。

练习：

(  )1.Please _____ the TV.I’m going to watch the world news on TV.

A.open  B.close  C.turn on  D.turn off

(  )2.Please ______the water when you brush your teeth.

A.take down  B.turn up  C.take away  D.turn off

(  )3.I don’t like the program on TV so I ______ TV.

A.turn on  B.turn off  C.turn down  D.turn up

(  )4.The company wants to _____ a school for the poor children.

A.turn off  B.turn off  C.set up  D.set down

(  )5.Please ______ the light to save the electricity.

A.turn on  B.turn off  C.turn up  D.turn down