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发表于 2012-6-3 00:44:20
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C
Many critics worry about violence on television, most out of fear that it stimulates viewers to violent or aggressive acts. Our research, however, indicates that the consequences of experiencing TV’s symbolic world of violence may be much more far-reaching.
We have found that people who watch a lot of TV see the real world as more dangerous and frightening than those who watch very little. Heavy viewers are less trustful of their fellow citizens, and more fearful of the real world. Since most TV “action-adventure” dramas occur in urban settings, the fear they inspire may contribute to the current flee of the middle class from our cities. The fear may also bring increasing demands for police protection, and election of law-and-order politicians.
While none of us is completely dependent upon television for our view of the world, neither have many of us had the opportunity to observe the reality of police stations, courtrooms, corporate board rooms, or hospital operating rooms. Although critics complain about the fixed characters and plots of TV dramas, many viewers look on them as representative of the real world. Anyone who questions that statement should read the 250,000 letters, most containing requests for medical advice, sent by viewers to “Marcus Welby, M.D.” —a popular TV drama series about a doctor— during the first five years of his practice on TV.
Violence on television leads viewers to regard the real world as more dangerous than it really is, which must also influence the way people behave. When asked, “Can most people be trusted?” the heavy viewers were 35 percent more likely to choose “Can’t be too careful.”
Victims, like criminals, must learn their proper roles, and televised violence may perform the teaching function all too well. Instead of worrying only about whether television violence causes individual displays of aggression in the real world, we should also concern about social reality. Passive acceptance of violence in the face of injustice may result from far greater social concern than occasional displays of individual aggression.
We have found that violence on prime-time（黄金时段）network TV cultivates overstated （夸大的）assumptions about the threat of danger in the real world. Fear is a universal emotion, and easy to exploit. The overstated sense of risk and insecurity may lead to increasing demands for protection, and to increasing pressure for the use of force by established authority. Instead of threatening the social order, television may have become our chief instrument of social control.
63. Which of the following is NOT among the consequences of watching TV too much?
A. Distrusting people around. B. Moving into rural areas.
C. Turning to the police for protection. D. Holding more elections.
64. According to the passage, why did “Marcus Welby, M.D.” receive so many letters?
A. Because viewers believed the doctor did exist in the real life.
B. Because certain TV programmes recommended him to viewers.
C. Because he was an experienced doctor and saved many lives.
D. Because the TV appealed to people to pay attention to health.
65. According to the author, _________ is mainly to blame for people’s fear of the real world.
A. network TV B. social reality
C. individual display of violence D. televised violence
66. We can infer from the passage that __________.
A. people tend to be aggressive or violent after watching TV too much
B. people can learn to protect themselves from dangers by watching TV
C. the occasional displays of individual aggression may threaten the social order
D. watching TV may cause the misuse of authority and disturb the social order
D
Most schools ban chewing gum（口香糖）, but in a few years they might consider changing that rule. Why? Scientists are finding evidence that gum chewing may be good for your health. It may even help boost your test scores.
This exciting research is just beginning. And at the same time, companies are also experimenting with adding vitamins, minerals, medicines, and other substances that could give gum the power to cure headaches and fight everything from serious diseases to bad breath.
These gums are part of the growing number of foods and drinks that contain health-boosting ingredients. If you’re already a gum fan, that’s probably welcome news.
Americans chew about 1.8 pounds of gum per person each year, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. By showing that gum chewing can be healthy, companies that make and sell gum hope that we’ll chew even more.
Chewing gum might be good for your brain. One Japanese study of nine participants found that chewing gum boosted the flow of blood to participants’ brains by up to 40 percent. Blood carries oxygen, which fuels brain cells.
Other small studies have found that people perform better on memory tests while chewing gum. And a study in the United Kingdom found that people who chewed gum while memorizing a list of words did about 25 percent better at recalling those words than people who didn’t chew gum.
But additional studies are still needed to confirm that chewing gum has benefits. So far, results of studies about memory have been mixed. Not all tests have had similarly encouraging results. What’s more, many of the studies that show gum’s benefits are funded by gum companies.
So, for now, chew with caution. Too much chewing can damage the jaw joint. And chewing too much of a gum that contains vitamins, caffeine, or a medicine could lead to an overdose（过量）. What’s more, no matter how healthy gum chewing proves to be, it will never be a match for a healthy lifestyle. Nothing like a gum or a vitamin is going to cure a bad eating habit or a bad exercise habit. It’s not a magic bullet.
67. Scientific studies about gum chewing show that ______ .
A. it can help fight serious diseases B. it can help blood produce more oxygen
C. it can help reduce headaches D. it can help improve students’ memory
68. Why are scientists trying to put different substances in gum?
A. To make it taste more delicious. B. To make it contain more ingredients.
C. To help cure different illnesses. D. To help improve the sales of gum.
69. What does the writer think of the results of the present studies about gum?
A. The writer has no doubt about them. B. The writer isn’t quite sure about them.
C. The writer doesn’t believe them at all. D. The writer is very happy with them.
70. Which of the following statements would the writer agree with?
A. Students should be careful with gum chewing.
B. The more gums we chew, the more words we will remember.
C. Gum chewing helps change a bad eating habit.
D. The healthier gum chewing proves to be, the more we should chew.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There is an English saying, “___(71)____” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. _____ (72)_____
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise.____ (73)____ If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programmes. The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny programme. ____(74)____
____(75)_____They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
A. Laughter can surely last one’s life.
B. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh.
C. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.
D. It increases blood pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet.
E. They have proved that laughter can really cure any disease if people keep a good state of mind.
F. Laughter is the best medicine.
G. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health. |
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发表于 2012-6-3 00:43:49
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